ノーベル経済学賞（スウェーデン銀行賞）スレッド
economy/0080 ／ 11 レス ／ 2000/10/11〜2000/10/11
- 1 ：名無しさん＠祝・鷹Ｖ２！！：2000/10/11(Wed) 20:33
- JAMES J. HECKMAN
University of Chicago, USA
and
DANIEL L. McFADDEN
University of California, Berkeley, USA
In the field of microeconometrics, each of the laureates has developed theory and methods that are widely used in the empirical analysis of individual and household behavior, within economics as well as other social sciences. - 2 ：名無しさん＠祝・鷹Ｖ２！！：2000/10/11(Wed) 20:34
- この短い説明文だけじゃよくわからないんだけど、
何やってる人たちなの？ベッカーみたいなこと？ - 3 ：名無しさん：2000/10/11(Wed) 20:47
- Microeconometrics - on the boundary between economics and statistics -
is a methodology for studying micro data, i.e., economic information
about large groups of individuals, households, or firms. Greater
availability of micro data and increasingly powerful computers have
enabled empirical studies of many new issues. For example, what
determines whether an individual decides to work and, if so, how many
hours? How do economic incentives affect choices of education,
occupation, and place of residence? What are the effects of different
educational programs on income and employment? James Heckman and
Daniel McFadden have resolved fundamental problems that arise in the
statistical analysis of micro data. The methods they have developed
have solid foundations in economic theory, but have evolved in close
interplay with applied research on important social problems. They
are now standard tools, not only among economists but also among
other social scientists. - 4 ：名無しさん＠祝・鷹Ｖ２！！：2000/10/11(Wed) 20:47
- Available micro data often entail selective samples. Data on wages,
for instance, cannot be sampled randomly if only individuals with
certain characteristics - unobservable to the researcher - choose to
work or engage in education. If such selection is not taken into
account, statistical estimation of economic relationships yields
biased results. Heckman has developed statistical methods of handling
selective samples in an appropriate way. He has also proposed tools
for solving closely related problems with individual differences
unobserved by the researcher; such problems are common, e.g. when
evaluating social programs or estimating how the duration of
unemployment affects chances of getting a job. Heckman is also
a leader of applied research in these areas. - 5 ：名無しさん＠祝・鷹Ｖ２！！：2000/10/11(Wed) 20:47
- Micro data often reflect discrete choice. For instance, data regarding
individuals' occupation or place of residence reflect choices they have
made among a limited number of alternatives. Prior to McFadden's
contributions, empirical studies of such choices lacked a foundation
in economic theory. Evolving from a new theory of discrete choice,
the statistical methods developed by McFadden have transformed empirical
research. His methods are readily applicable. For example, they prevail
in models of transports and are used to evaluate changes in communication
systems. Examples of McFadden's extensive applications of his own methods
include the design of the San Francisco BART system, as well as investments
in phone service and housing for the elderly. - 6 ：名無しさん＠祝・鷹Ｖ２！！：2000/10/11(Wed) 20:48
- James J. Heckman (US citizen), 56, was born in Chicago, IL in 1944. Since 1995 he is the Henry Schultz Distinguished Service Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago. http://lily.src.uchicago.edu
Daniel L. McFadden (US citizen), 63, was born in Raleigh, NC in 1937. Since 1990 he holds the E. Morris Cox Chair in Economics at the University of California, Berkeley. http://emlab.berkeley.edu/users/mcfadden/index.html
The Prize amount, SEK 9 million, will be shared equally between the Laureates.
Press Officer: Eva Krutmeijer, phone + 46 8 673 95 95, +46 709 84 66 38, ev***@kva.se - 7 ：名無しさん＠祝・鷹Ｖ２！！：2000/10/11(Wed) 20:50
- よくよく見たら、ちょっと詳しい紹介文があったので、
コピペしておきました。一番最後の話はちょっと面白そう。 - 8 ：名無し学部生：2000/10/11(Wed) 20:58
- ＢＡＲＴのどの部分に応用されているのでしょう？
- 9 ：名無しさん＠祝・鷹Ｖ２！！：2000/10/11(Wed) 20:59
- おまけ
http://emlab.berkeley.edu/users/mcfadden/index.html
http://lily.src.uchicago.edu/ - 10 ：名無しさん＠祝・鷹Ｖ２！！：2000/10/11(Wed) 21:11
- ＞０８
http://emlab.berkeley.edu/wp/mcfadden0300.pdf
この論文読んでみたら？
比較的読みやすそうだよ。 - 11 ：すりらんか：2000/10/11(Wed) 23:21
- ミクロ計量の人々が勢いづきそうですね．まだまだ
やることがあるであろう分野ですから結構面白いこ
とになるかも．それにつけても日本はミクロデータ
公開してくれないですよね．ノーベル賞の権威にか
こつけて何とかならないものなのかしら．